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Hardware
Kernel mode
Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL)
Object Manager
Executive Services
Executive
User mode
Integral subsystems
Environment subsystems
I/OManager
SecurityReferenceMonitor
IPCManager
VirtualMemoryManager(VMM)
ProcessManager
PnPManager
PowerManager
WindowManager
GDI
Work-stationservice
Serverservice
Security
Win32
POSIX
OS/2
Win32Application
POSIXApplication
OS/2Application
Kernel mode drivers
Microkernel